These are chord arpeggios, or broken chords, for the major 7, minor 7 and dominant 7th chords. The circled dot is the root or letter name of the arpeggio. If you are not sure where to move them to get the letter name arpeggio you are looking for, refer to the explanation at the beginning of the "Scales" and also check the fingerboard chart for the locations of the notes.
